Measuring and describing perceived quality on physiotherapy practice management software.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the growing trend in the use of digital technologies in physiotherapy, the overall adoption and satisfaction of both, practice management software (PMS) and electronic health records in physiotherapy clinics has been low and slow over time. Satisfaction of expectations or perceived quality (PQ) is an abstract construct based on the discrepancy between expectations and perceptions, to measure the satisfaction of physiotherapists on PMS. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure PQ on PMS, and to describe the PQ of the currently available physiotherapy PMS. METHODS: Instrument development study with validity and reliability testing. The development of this questionnaire was conducted in 3 phases: identification of attributes to be explored; development of the item pairs and pretesting; pilot study for item reduction, and psychometric testing. The questionnaire was distributed to chartered physiotherapists. A total of 144 participants completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: A series of analyses were conducted to assess item reduction, factor structure of the questionnaire and metric properties of multi-item scales. From the initial 43 attributes, the final version of the Quality Questionnaire on Physiotherapy Practice Management Software consisted of 24 items of PQ on PMS, structured in 3 areas (clinical care, administrative activities, and accounting), which included 11, 9, and 4 items grouped into 4, 3, and 2 scales respectively. The questionnaire proved to be reliable and valid. In multitrait scaling analysis, all scores had strong item-scale correlations, excellent item scaling success, and good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficients of >0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a valuable PQ questionnaire on PMS attributes for clinical care, administrative activities, and accounting. The attributes related to clinical care and control stock supplies showed a worse PQ. This suggests that those functions related to clinical care should be improved to facilitate greater satisfaction with physiotherapy PMS.

Repercussions of moving patients on the context of practice: perspectives of the nursing team / Repercusiones de la movilización de pacientes sobre el contexto de práctica: perspectivas del equipo de enfermería / Repercussões da movimentação de pacientes sobre o contexto de prática: perspectivas da equipe de enfermagem

Objective: to examine the nursing team's view of the repercussions of moving patients (admissions, transfers and discharges) on the organization of work and the delivery of care. Method: this is a qualitative study using the focus group technique, conducted with 23 professionals - 12 nurses, eight nurse technicians and three nurse assistants working in three inpatient units at a teaching hospital in the countryside of Sao Paulo. Four meetings took place between November 2021 and March 2022. The reports were analyzed thematically using MAXQDA software. Results: two thematic categories emerged: the influence of structural factors and work organization on the intra-hospital moving of patients; it demands time, generates work overload and interferes with the delivery of care. Conclusion: the volume of moving patient associated with unforeseen demands, care complexity and insufficient staff and resources have a negative impact on the delivery of care, with clinical risks and work overload. The findings make it possible to improve the regulation of patients entering and leaving the units, work organization and care management, avoiding clinical risks, delays, omissions and work overload.

Objetivo: examinar la perspectiva del equipo de enfermería sobre las repercusiones del movimiento de pacientes (admisiones, traslados y altas) en la organización del trabajo y en la prestación de cuidados. Método: estudio cualitativo utilizando la técnica de grupo focal llevado a cabo con 23 profesionales, incluyendo 12 enfermeros, ocho técnicos y tres auxiliares de enfermería de tres unidades de internación de un hospital universitario del interior de São Paulo. Se realizaron cuatro encuentros entre noviembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Los relatos fueron analizados en la modalidad temática con la ayuda del software MAXQDA. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías temáticas: la influencia de factores estructurales y de la organización del trabajo en el movimiento intrahospitalario de pacientes; y, el movimiento de pacientes demanda tiempo, genera sobrecarga de trabajo e interfiere en la prestación de cuidados. Conclusión: el volumen de movimientos de pacientes asociado a demandas imprevistas, complejidad asistencial e insuficiencia de personal y de recursos repercute negativamente en la prestación del cuidado con riesgos clínicos y sobrecarga laboral. Los hallazgos permiten mejorar la regulación de las entradas y salidas de pacientes en las unidades, la organización del trabajo y la gestión del cuidado, evitando riesgos clínicos, retrasos, omisiones y sobrecarga laboral.

Objetivo: examinar o olhar da equipe de enfermagem quanto às repercussões da movimentação de pacientes (admissões, transferências e altas) na organização do trabalho e na entrega do cuidado. Método: estudo qualitativo utilizando técnica de grupo focal conduzido junto a vinte e três profissionais sendo doze enfermeiros, oito técnicos e três auxiliares de enfermagem lotados em três unidades de internação de um hospital de ensino do interior de São Paulo. Ocorreram quatro encontros, entre novembro de 2021 e março de 2022. Os relatos foram analisados na modalidade temática com o auxílio do software MAXQDA. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias temáticas: a influência de fatores estruturais e da organização do trabalho na movimentação intra-hospitalar de pacientes; e a movimentação de pacientes demanda tempo, gera sobrecarga de trabalho e interfere na entrega do cuidado. Conclusão: o volume de movimentações de pacientes associado às demandas imprevistas, complexidade assistencial e insuficiência de pessoal e de recursos repercutem negativamente na entrega do cuidar com riscos clínicos e sobrecarga laboral. Os achados possibilitam aprimorar a regulação das entradas e saídas de pacientes nas unidades, organização do trabalho e gestão do cuidado evitando-se riscos clínicos, atrasos, omissões e sobrecarga laboral.

Gestão compartilhada: potencialidades do fortalecimento da integração ensino- serviço no âmbito hospitalar / Shared management: potential for strengthening teaching-service integration in the hospital environment

Objetivo: relatar a experiência acerca da gestão compartilhada e as potencialidades da integração ensino-serviço no âmbito hospitalar. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência, vivenciado por uma enfermeira educadora no período de setembro de 2022 a junho de 2023 por meio de atividades de educação permanente realizadas por meio da integração ensino-serviço. Resultados: Por meio das atividades que foram realizadas pelos estudantes em conjunto com os profissionais, pode-se evidenciar melhor adesão dos colabores aos treinamentos realizados pelo setor de educação permanente, podendo ser clarificado através dos indicadores de desempenho do setor, tendo uma maior aceitação dos profissionais por categoria. Conclusão: A constata que a integração ensino-serviço tem provocado reflexão dos processos de trabalho, por meio de espaços de discussão, de troca de saberes e experiências, tem favorecido uma gestão compartilhada pautada na significância, no respeito aos atores sociais e nas pluralidades.(AU)

Objective: to report the experience about shared management and the potential of teaching-service integration in the hospital setting. Method: This is a qualitative study, of the experience report type, experienced by a nurse educator in the period from September 2022 to June 2023 through permanent education activities carried out through teaching-service integration. Results: Through the activities that were carried out by the students together with the professionals, it can be evidenced a better adherence of the collaborators to the training carried out by the permanent education sector, which can be clarified through the sector's performance indicators, having a greater acceptance of professionals by category. Conclusion: It was found that the teaching-service integration has provoked reflection of work processes, through spaces for discussion, exchange of knowledge and experiences, has favored a shared management based on significance, respect for social actors and pluralities.(AU)

Objetivo: relatar la experiencia sobre la gestión compartida y el potencial de la integración enseñanza-servicio en el ámbito hospitalario. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, de tipo relato de experiencia, vivenciado por una enfermera educadora en el período de septiembre de 2022 a junio de 2023 a través de actividades de educación permanente realizadas por medio de la integración enseñanza-servicio. Resultados: A través de las actividades que fueron realizadas por los estudiantes en conjunto con los profesionales, se puede evidenciar una mejor adherencia de los colaboradores a la formación realizada por el sector de educación permanente, lo que puede ser esclarecido a través de los indicadores de desempeño del sector, teniendo una mayor aceptación de los profesionales por categoría. Conclusión: Se constató que la integración enseñanza-servicio ha provocado la reflexión sobre los procesos de trabajo, a través de espacios de discusión, intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias, ha favorecido una gestión compartida basada en la significatividad, el respeto a los actores sociales y a las pluralidades.(AU)

Strategies for spine surgeons to enhance a clinical practice and research program: stepping stones for practice management.

In this review, the value of patient-reported outcome measures, immersive technology, and patient review systems is discussed, and these strategies are presented as ways to enhance both the research and clinical aspects of a practice. The value of a research team and open access research databases is also discussed. Establishing a research program does not need elaborate resources to sustain efforts. The aforementioned simple yet effective strategies can enhance the clinical and research experience for surgeons in both academic and private practice settings.

Practice Management in Plastic Surgery: A Survey Comparing Skills Acquired During Residency and Those Applied in Independent Practice.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the extent of practice management education within plastic surgery residency may serve to enhance elements of current curricular training. METHODS: A survey was sent to private practice plastic surgeons who completed training between 2008 and 2020. The survey elicited opinions about their practice management training during residency and experiences as attendings. RESULTS: Forty-nine private practice plastic surgeons completed the survey with a mean of 5 years in practice. 96% of respondents entered private practice immediately following their final training program. 48% of respondents cited "autonomy" as the primary reason for pursuing private practice. Surgeon's narrative responses regarding practice management skills learned outside of residency revealed the most grouped into the following themes: "Finance, Marketing, Accounting, Human Resources (HR), Operations" (n = 19), "Hiring, Firing, Employee Management" (n = 17), "Insurance Coverage, Billing, Coding" (n = 13), "General Skills" (n = 12), and "Starting & Running a Practice" (n = 11). 71.4% of respondents reported that they learned practice management skills from on-the-job training. Almost all respondents felt that there should be formal training in practice management (n = 35), with "Finance & Accounting" and "Management" cited as the most important skills to learn as a plastic surgeon. 51% of current surgeons felt allowing senior residents additional opportunities to rotate in private practices was the best way to enhance residency curricula. CONCLUSION: Incorporating practice management skills into training curricula will address the demonstrated knowledge gap and accelerate plastic surgeons' career growth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Educational models, participant experience and outcomes of a diploma course in practice management for Aboriginal Medical Services: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Practice managers and other administrative and management staff in Aboriginal Medical Services operate in a highly specialised cultural, social and administrative environment requiring a unique skill set. The TAFE NSW Diploma in Practice Management for Aboriginal Medical Services (DPMAMS) addresses the need for training in these skills. This study sought to explore DPMAMS graduates' experiences of having undertaken the diploma course, and the effects on their subsequent work practice and career. METHODS: A qualitative study utilising individual, semi-structured interviews conducted via videoconference and employing a thematic analysis approach was performed. RESULTS: Ten DPMAMS alumni participated. At the time of DPMAMS completion, two participants were Aboriginal Medical Services practice managers, two were reception staff, five were in non-practice manager administrative or management roles and one was in a clinical role. Principal themes in the study findings were related to (1) the rich and singular learning environment with emphasis on peer-to-peer learning (which also facilitated 'communities of practice' extending the collaborative learning model to post-DMAMS peer learning and support); (2) knowledge and subsequent professional and personal confidence (leading to taking on increased workplace responsibility including post-DPMAMS mentoring roles); (3) translational effects on personal work and professional performance; (4) translational effects on work processes at the participants' Aboriginal Medical Services; and (5) the permeating influence of Aboriginal culture and commitment to Aboriginal communities. CONCLUSIONS: The DPMAMS is an education/training program of perceived high value and fitness for purpose. The findings of utility of education that is empowered by culture, values and peer support may be applicable in wider settings.

Processos de reflexividade dos psicólogos do esporte e coaches: um estudo fenomenológico / Reflexivity processes of sport psychologists and coaches: a phenomenological study / Procesos de reflexividad de psicólogos del deporte y coaches: un estudio fenomenológico

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e compreender fenomenologicamente, por meio de relato de Psicólogos de Esporte (PE) e de Coaches, em sua vivência prática, como ocorrem os processos reflexivos em sua atuação, conforme apreendidos a partir de relatos de experiências. O método de investigação escolhido foi a fenomenologia, pois oferece os recursos necessários para tal mergulho junto à experiência reflexiva. A amostra intencional foi delineada por PE e Coaches (profissionais de Educação Física que recorrem ao Coaching) em atividade em esportes de alto rendimento, que tenham atuado ou estejam atuando em modalidades esportivas coletivas e/ou individuais. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas (cinco com PE, quatro com Coaches). O acesso ao objeto desse estudo se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas, orientadas pela escuta suspensiva. As questões disparadoras foram formuladas com base no Procedimento Estruturado de Reflexão adaptado. Para análise das entrevistas, realizou-se uma síntese de cada relato, seguindo-se de cruzamento intencional. Como resultados, percebeu-se que PE e Coaches trazem algumas similaridades no que se refere aos modos de refletir sobre sua prática. No entanto, as experiências que eles fazem desses processos reflexivos é que podem tomar rumos distintos. Os(as) PE amparam-se na regulamentação da profissão e resguardam-se em seus apontamentos, trazendo suas experiências e reflexões sobre os processos vividos. Os(as) Coaches trazem em suas explanações um trabalho coerente, organizado e compatível com o método do Coaching. Problematizar os processos reflexivos desses profissionais permite diferenciar qualitativa e eticamente suas atuações, possibilitando o fomento multiprofissional no esporte.(AU)

The aim of this study consists in phenomenologically identifying and understanding, by the report of Sport Psychologists (SP) and coaches, in their practical experience, how would be the reflexive processes that take place in their performance, as learned from reports of their experiences. The research method chosen was phenomenology, since it offers the necessary resources for such a dive along with the reflective experience. The intentional sample was outlined by SP and coaches (Physical Education professionals who use coaching) active in high performance sports, who have or are working in collective and/or individual sports. Nine interviews were conducted (five with SP, four with coaches). Access to the object of this study took place by in-depth and semi-structured interviews, guided by suspensive listening. The triggering questions were formulated based on the adapted Structured Reflection Procedure. For the analysis of the interviews, a synthesis of each report was carried out, followed by the intentional crossing. As results, it was noticed that SP and coaches bring some similarities regarding the ways of reflecting on their practice. However, their experiences of these reflective processes are that they can take different directions. The SP are based on the regulation of the profession and guard themselves in their notes, bringing their experiences and reflections on the processes experienced. Coaches bring in their explanations a coherent, organized, and compatible work with the coaching method. Problematizing the reflective processes of these professionals allows to differentiate their actuation qualitatively and ethically, making the multiprofessional phenomenon in sport possible.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar y comprender fenomenológicamente, a partir de la experiencia práctica de psicólogos del deporte (PD) y coaches, cómo serían los procesos reflexivos que se llevan a cabo en su rendimiento, tal y como se desprende de los informes de experiencias. El método de investigación elegido fue la fenomenología, ya que ofrece los recursos necesarios junto con la experiencia. La muestra intencional fue delineada por PD y coaches (profesionales de la educación física que utilizan el coaching) activos en deportes de alto rendimiento, que tienen o están trabajando en deportes colectivos e/o individuales. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas (cinco con PD, cuatro con coaches). El acceso al objeto de este estudio fue entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, guiadas por escuchas suspensivas. Las preguntas se formularon desde el procedimiento de reflexión estructurado adaptado. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, se hizo una síntesis de cada informe, seguida del cruce intencional. Como resultados, se notó que los PD y coaches tienen algunas similitudes con respecto a las formas de reflexionar sobre su práctica. Sin embargo, las experiencias que hacen de estos procesos pueden tomar diferentes direcciones. Los(las) PD se basan en la regulación de la profesión y se protegen en sus notas, aportando sus experiencias y reflexiones sobre los procesos vividos. Los(las) coaches plantean en sus explicaciones un trabajo coherente, organizado y compatible con el método de Coaching. Problematizar los procesos reflexivos de estos profesionales permite diferenciar sus acciones de manera cualitativa y ética, además de posibilitar la promoción multiprofesional en el deporte.(AU)

Guia prático de fabricação de alinhadores in-house ­ Parte 1: Introdução ao sistema / Practical guide to in-house aligner fabrication ­ Part 1: Introduction to the system

Resumo O uso de alinhadores para o tratamento das más oclusões tem, cada vez mais, despertado o interesse dos ortodontistas. Desde a sua apresentação no mercado, há pouco mais de duas décadas, os alinhadores vêm conquistando um importante espaço, muito em função das mudanças direcionais no exercício da especialidade, geradas pela demanda por tratamentos com uma abordagem estética e de maior conforto. Na prática, essa transformação impactou a gestão dos consultórios dos ortodontistas, habituados com o total controle sobre o fluxo de montagem e fabricação dos aparelhos convencionais. A contratação de empresas para a fabricação industrial dos alinhadores foi o conceito proposto originalmente pela Align Technology, fabricante do Invisalign, pioneira nesse sistema comercial e líder no mercado. Entretanto, em função dos custos inerentes a esse serviço, bem como das limitações temporais impostas pela terceirização, foi criado um fluxo digital de fabricação in-house dos alinhadores, pelos próprios ortodontistas. Diante dessa realidade, o objetivo desta série de três artigos é trazer, aos ortodontistas iniciantes na técnica, considerações práticas para o início do emprego na fabricação própria de alinhadores. Adicionalmente, objetiva-se compartilhar, com os profissionais que já são usuários desse tipo de sistema, experiências relacionadas à fabricação e à gestão da técnica. (AU)

Abstract Clear aligner treatment has gained interest among orthodontists since its introduction in the market two decades ago. The high patients' demand for more aesthetic approaches, with greater comfort, is the primary aspect driving this direction change in the treatment of the malocclusions. However, this drift impacted the management of clinical practices because orthodontists lost absolute control over the flow of assembly and manufacture of conventional appliances. Third-party companies hired for the industrial manufacture of aligners was the concept initially proposed by Align Technology, manufacturer of Invisalign, a pioneer in the commercial system and market leader. Nevertheless, due to the inherent costs of this service and the time limitations imposed by outsourcing, the orthodontists created a digital flow for in-house manufacturing of aligners. This series of three articles brings practical considerations for using in-office aligners. Additionally, the goal is to share experiences related to the manufacture and management of the technique (AU)

Guia prático de fabricação de alinhadores in house ­ Parte 3: impressão de modelos, pós-processamento, termoplastificação, acabamento e gestão clínica / Practical guide for manufacturing aligners in house ­ Part 3: printing models, post-processing, thermoplasticization, improvement and clinical management

Resumo Após o planejamento virtual dos movimentos ortodônticos em plataformas apropriadas e a exportação dos diversos modelos digitais de subsetups, inicia-se a fase laboratorial de fabricação dos alinhadores in house, com a impressão 3D de modelos em resina fotossensível, seguida dos processos de lavagem e pós-cura. Assim, os modelos estarão prontos para serem estampados com variadas opções de laminados poliméricos termoplastificados, que serão recortados, receberão acabamento fino, higienizados e entregues aos pacientes. Na terceira parte do tutorial, serão apresentados esses conceitos práticos da fabricação de alinhadores in house. (AU)

Abstract Following the virtual planning of orthodontic movements using suitable platforms and the resulting exportation of multiple digital models of sub-setups, the laboratory phase begins to produce in house aligners. This phase involves the utilization of 3D printing technology to fabricate models using photosensitive resin, followed by additional steps of washing and post-curing. The models are then prepared for printing using a range of thermoplastic polymer laminate choices. After this, they are meticulously trimmed, refined, sterilized, and subsequently, disseminated to the intended recipients. The current part 3 of the tutorial will focus on the practical concepts involved in the in house production of aligners(AU)

General practice management of depression among patients with coronary heart disease in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Incident depression is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of depression with antidepressants and psychotherapy can be beneficial for these patients to reduce the risk of further CHD events. Ongoing management of CHD and depression mainly occurs in the community, but little is known about the identification and care of patients with comorbid CHD and depression in general practice. This study explores the prescription of antidepressants for these patients by sociodemographic variables. METHODS: This is an open cohort study with de-identified data based on electronic medical records of 880,900 regular patients aged 40 + years from a national general practice database in Australia (MedicineInsight). Data from 2011-2018 was used to classify patients as newly recorded CHD (CHD recorded in 2018 but not in previous years), previously recorded CHD (CHD recorded between 2011-2017) or no recorded history of CHD. Antidepressant prescribing in 2018 considered active ingredients and commercial brand names. The association between sociodemographic variables and antidepressant prescribing was tabulated according to the CHD status. RESULTS: The proportion of current depression among patients with newly recorded CHD was 11.4% (95%CI 10.3-12.6), 10.5% among those with previously recorded CHD (95%CI 10.0-11.1) and 9.6% among those with no recorded history of CHD (95%CI 9.2-10.1). Antidepressant prescribing was slightly higher among those with newly recorded CHD (76.4%; 95%CI 72.1-80.6) than among those with previously recorded CHD (71.6%; 95%CI 69.9-73.2) or no history of CHD (69.5%; 95%CI 68.6-70.4). Among males with newly recorded CHD and depression, antidepressant prescribing was more frequent in major cities or inner regional areas (~ 81%) than in outer/remote Australia (66.6%; 95% CI 52.8-80.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Although antidepressant prescribing was slightly greater in those with newly recorded CHD compared to those with depression alone, its clinical significance is uncertain. Much larger differences in prescribing were seen by geographic location and could be addressed by innovations in clinical practice.

Planejamento estratégico situacional como ferramenta para qualificação dos registros de enfermagem: relato de experiência / Planificación estratégica situacional como herramienta para la calificación de los registros de enfermería: informe de experiencia / Situational strategic planning as a tool for qualification of nursing records: experience report

Objetivo: descrever a utilização do planejamento estratégico situacional como ferramenta para padronização e qualificação dos registros de enfermagem em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método: relato de experiência, ocorrida de maio a setembro de 2021, vinculada à atividade prática do curso de Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal, localizada na fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: o planejamento estratégico situacional contribuiu na qualificação do processo de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde no que tange as anotações e evoluções de enfermagem, possibilitando reduzir fragilidades existentes na unidade, tais como falhas nas informações e identificação dos usuários, abreviaturas e letras ilegíveis, que dificultavam a compreensão dos registros de enfermagem. Conclusão: a vivência foi assertiva, uma vez que manteveos profissionais comprometidos com o processo de qualificação dos registros de enfermagem, reconhecendo a importância desta ferramenta no cuidado e segurança do paciente.

Objective: describing the use of situational strategic planning as a tool for standardization and qualification of nursing records in an Emergency Care Unit. Method: report of experience occurred from May to September 2021, linked to the practical activity of the nursing course of a Federal University, located on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul. Results: situational strategic planning contributed to the qualification of the work process of health professionals regarding nursing notes and evolutions, making it possible to reduce existing weaknesses in the unit, such as failures in information and identification ofusers, abbreviations and illegible letters, which hindered the understanding of nursing records. Conclusion: the experience was assertive since it kept the professionals committed to the process of qualification of nursing records, recognizing the importance of this tool in patient care and safety.

Objetivo: describir el uso de la planificación estratégica situacional como herramienta para la estandarización y calificación de los registros de enfermería en una Unidad de Atención de Emergencia. Método: relato de experiencia, que ocurrió de mayo a septiembre de 2021, vinculado a la actividad práctica del curso de Enfermería en una Universidad Federal, ubicada en la frontera oeste de Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: la planificación estratégica situacional contribuyó para la cualificación del proceso de trabajo de los profesionales de la salud con respecto a las notas y voluciones de enfermería, posibilitando la reducción de las debilidades existentes en la unidad, como fallas en la información e identificación de los usuarios, abreviaturas y letras ilegibles, que dificultaban dificulta la comprensión de los registros de enfermería. Conclusión: la experiencia fue asertiva, ya que mantuvo a los profesionales comprometidos con el proceso de calificación de los registros de enfermería, reconociendo la importancia de esaherramienta en el cuidado y la seguridad del paciente.

Midwife-centred management: a qualitative study of midwifery group practice management and leadership in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Midwifery group practice (MGP) has consistently demonstrated optimal health and wellbeing outcomes for childbearing women and their babies. In this model, women can form a relationship with a known midwife, improving both maternal and midwife satisfaction. Yet the model is not widely implemented and sustained, resulting in limited opportunities for women to access it. Little attention has been paid to how MGP is managed and led and how this impacts the sustainability of the model. This study clarifies what constitutes optimal management and leadership and how this influences sustainability. METHODS: This qualitative study forms part of a larger mixed methods study investigating the management of MGP in Australia. The interview findings presented in this study are part of phase one, where the findings informed a national survey. Nine interviews and one focus group were conducted with 23 MGP managers, clinical midwife consultants, and operational/strategic managers who led MGPs. Transcripts of the audio-recordings were analysed using inductive, reflexive, thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were constructed, namely: The manager, the person, describing the ideal personal attributes of the MGP manager; midwifing the midwives, illustrating how the MGP manager supports, manages, and leads the group practice midwives; and gaining acceptance, explaining how the MGP manager can gain acceptance beyond group practice midwives. Participants described the need for MGP managers to display midwife-centred management. This requires the manager to have qualities that mirror what is generally accepted as requirements for good midwifery care namely: core beliefs in feminist values and woman-centred care; trust; inclusiveness; being an advocate; an ability to slow down or take time; an ability to form relationships; and exceptional communication skills. Since emotional labour is a large part of the role, it is also necessary for them to encourage and practice self-care. CONCLUSIONS: Managers need to practice in a way that is midwife-centred and mimics good midwifery care. To offset the emotional burden and improve sustainability, encouraging and promoting self-care practices might be of value.

Vaccination after spleen embolization: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

BACKGROUND: Angioembolization is an important adjunct in the non-operative management of adult trauma patients with splenic injury. Multiple studies have shown that angioembolization may increase the non-operative splenic salvage rate for patients with high-grade splenic injuries. We performed a systematic review and developed evidence-based recommendations regarding the need for post-splenectomy vaccinations after splenic embolization in trauma patients. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available evidence were performed utilizing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS: Nine studies were identified and analyzed. A total of 240 embolization patients were compared to 443 control patients who neither underwent splenectomy nor were embolized. There was no statistical difference between the splenic immune function of embolized and control patients. In addition, a total of 3974 splenectomy patients was compared with 686 embolization patients. Embolization patients had fewer infectious complications and a greater degree of preserved splenic immune function. CONCLUSION: In adult trauma patients who have undergone splenic angioembolization, we conditionally recommend against routine post-splenectomy vaccinations. STUDY TYPE: systematic review/meta-analysis Level of evidence: level III.

Full-face motorcycle helmets to reduce injury and death: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

BACKGROUND: While motorcycle helmets reduce mortality and morbidity, no guidelines specify which is safest. We sought to determine if full-face helmets reduce injury and death. METHODS: We searched for studies without exclusion based on: age, language, date, or randomization. Case reports, professional riders, and studies without original data were excluded. Pooled results were reported as OR (95% CI). Risk of bias and certainty was assessed. (PROSPERO #CRD42021226929). RESULTS: Of 4431 studies identified, 3074 were duplicates, leaving 1357 that were screened. Eighty-one full texts were assessed for eligibility, with 37 studies (n = 37,233) eventually included. Full-face helmets reduced traumatic brain injury (OR 0.40 [0.23-0.70]); injury severity for the head and neck (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] mean difference -0.64 [-1.10 to -0.18]) and face (AIS mean difference -0.49 [-0.71 to -0.27]); and facial fracture (OR 0.26 [0.15-0.46]). CONCLUSION: Full-face motorcycle helmets are conditionally recommended to reduce traumatic brain injury, facial fractures, and injury severity.

Gaps in Practice Management Skills After Training: A Qualitative Needs Assessment of Early Career Surgeons.

PURPOSE: Shifts in American healthcare delivery mechanisms pose significant hurdles to new physicians. Surgeons are particularly susceptible to these changes, but surgical residency educational efforts primarily focus on technical and clinical training to the exclusion of business and management practices. This study conducted a needs assessment of perceived gaps in practice management skills among early career surgeons to guide future training curricula. METHODS: This study was an exploratory qualitative study following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Purposive sampling was used to identify early career (<5 years following fellowship completion) surgeons across the United States. A semi-structured interview guide was created from interviews with surgical administrators and physician administrative curricula. Transcripts were de-identified and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Ten surgeons from 6 specialties and 6 institutions were interviewed along with 3 surgeon administrators. Three major domains of need were identified: (1) fundamentals of procedural coding, clinical billing, & compliance, (2) finding/building a practice, and (3) navigating organizational challenges. First, surgeons thought trainees would benefit from a better understanding of reimbursement schema and the basics of health policy. They also thought that more exposure to malpractice litigation, especially for handling case review or expert witness requests, would be helpful for discerning how to handle such issues early in their career. In addition, early career surgeons expressed a desire to have dedicated mentorship time, a primer on evaluating job offers with simulated contract negotiation, and guidance regarding administrative roles. Finally, surgeons requested training in change management techniques, care pathway construction, and the basics of staffing decisions. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant practice management gaps in surgical training which may be amenable to targeted educational efforts during a residency or fellowship program. Future research will test the generalizability of these findings as well as build curricula that adequately meet these needs.